{"id":10030,"date":"2022-09-06T08:37:21","date_gmt":"2022-09-06T06:37:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/progroupe.net\/?p=10030"},"modified":"2022-09-06T08:48:20","modified_gmt":"2022-09-06T06:48:20","slug":"prirodzene-vodne-prostredie-sedimentov-v-hydrografickom-systeme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/progroupe.net\/sk\/prirodzene-vodne-prostredie-sedimentov-v-hydrografickom-systeme\/","title":{"rendered":"Prirodzen\u00e9 vodn\u00e9 prostredie: Sedimenty v hydrografickom syst\u00e9me II."},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Na vodn\u00e9 prostredie a dynamiku sedimentov m\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vplyv \u013eudsk\u00e1 \u010dinnos\u0165. Priamym z\u00e1sahom \u010dloveka je najm\u00e4 \u0165a\u017eba \u0161trkov a pieskov, \u010di u\u017e za \u00fa\u010delom z\u00edskavania stavebn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov alebo za \u00fa\u010delom prehlbovania koryta z d\u00f4vodu protipovod\u0148ovej ochrany.\u00a0 Na\u0161e vodn\u00e9 toky boli vo v\u00fdznamnej miere upraven\u00e9, regulovan\u00e9 a z\u00fa\u017een\u00e9 z d\u00f4vodov ochrany n\u00ed\u017ein pred zaplaven\u00edm. Umel\u00e9 jazer\u00e1 a prehradenia zabra\u0148uj\u00fa presunu sedimentov. V t\u00fdchto \u00fasekoch n\u00e1sledne mus\u00ed prebieha\u0165 \u00fadr\u017eba \u2013 odstra\u0148ovanie sedimentov. Sedimenty s\u00fa odstra\u0148ovan\u00e9 bagrovan\u00edm alebo preplachom. Najm\u00e4 v n\u00ed\u017ein\u00e1ch s intenz\u00edvnym hospod\u00e1rstvom,\u00a0 v oblastiach s obmedzenou brehovou veget\u00e1ciou je \u010dastej\u0161ie vykon\u00e1van\u00e9 odstra\u0148ovanie jemn\u00fdch sedimentov pomocou sacieho bagra.<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Morfologick\u00e1 variabilita upraven\u00e9ho koryta rieky je ovplyvnen\u00e1 hlavne jej \u0161\u00edrkou a hydrol\u00f3giou. Vzrastaj\u00faca urbaniz\u00e1cia a nepriepustnos\u0165 rozsiahlych pl\u00f4ch predur\u010duj\u00fa n\u00e1rast r\u00fdchlosti odtoku da\u017e\u010fa, ktor\u00fd n\u00e1sledne r\u00fdchlo zdvihne vodn\u00fd st\u013apec v rieke. To m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledok zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161enie objemu prenosu tuh\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc. Predpoklad\u00e1 sa, \u017ee v bud\u00facnosti sa bude dynamika sedimentov zvy\u0161ova\u0165. Priame aj nepriame z\u00e1sahy \u010dloveka maj\u00fa v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vplyv na vznik, presun a ukladanie sedimentov \u010doho n\u00e1sledkom je deficit, alebo naopak, nadbytok sedimentu vo vodnom prostred\u00ed. V\u0161etky \u010dasti povodia s\u00fa vz\u00e1jomne prepojen\u00e9. Deficit sedimentov vo vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch \u010dastiach toku m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 lok\u00e1lnu er\u00f3ziu a zapr\u00ed\u010dini\u0165 t\u00fdm nadbytok sedimentov v \u00fadolnej \u010dasti.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jemn\u00e9 sedimenty maj\u00fa v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vplyv na morfol\u00f3giu a biotopy vodn\u00fdch tokov. Nemenej d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu plnia v prirodzenom obehu uhl\u00edka, ktor\u00fd je spolu s nimi pres\u00favan\u00fd v prostred\u00ed v rozpustenej forme, alebo vo forme organick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu (napr. listy). Jemn\u00e9 sedimenty plnia \u00falohu nosite\u013ea \u017eiv\u00edn nevyhnutn\u00fdch pre rast vodn\u00fdch rias a podporu rastu veget\u00e1cie lu\u017en\u00e9ho lesa. Okrem spomenut\u00e9ho so sebou prin\u00e1\u0161a aj potravu vodn\u00fdm organizmom. Zrnitos\u0165 sedimentov vpl\u00fdva na typ lu\u017en\u00e9ho lesa. V pr\u00edpade, \u017ee sa pozd\u013a\u017e rieky uklad\u00e1 \u0161trk a sedimenty v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej frakcie, rozv\u00edja sa na tomto \u00fazem\u00ed m\u00e4kk\u00fd lu\u017en\u00fd les. Ak naopak prevl\u00e1da jemn\u00fd sediment, d\u00f4jde k rozvoju tvrd\u00e9ho lu\u017en\u00e9ho lesa. Rozvoj spomenut\u00fdch z\u00e1vis\u00ed jednak od zrnitosti ale aj od frekvencie z\u00e1plav. Dynamika jemn\u00fdch sedimentov m\u00e1 priame aj nepriame \u00fa\u010dinky na vodn\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchy. Mnoho \u017eiv\u00fdch organizmov je adaptovan\u00fdch na t\u00fato dynamiku svojou morfol\u00f3giou, fyziol\u00f3giou, spr\u00e1van\u00edm a \u017eivotn\u00fdm cyklom.<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Z\u00e1sah \u010dloveka do prostredia naru\u0161uje prirodzen\u00fa rovnov\u00e1hu medzi vstupom a presunom jemn\u00fdch sedimentov. N\u00e1sledky s\u00fa najm\u00e4 dva: zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd pr\u00edsun jemn\u00fdch sedimentov do vodn\u00e9ho prostredia, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee zapr\u00ed\u010dini\u0165 kolmat\u00e1ciu dna a ovplyvni\u0165 t\u00fdm pr\u00edsun kysl\u00edka. N\u00edzka r\u00fdchlos\u0165 pr\u00fadu podporuje ukladanie jemn\u00fdch sedimentov \u010d\u00edm sa zvy\u0161uje riziko z\u00e1plav. Naopak, zv<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd pr\u00edsun jemn\u00fdch sedimentov ulo\u017een\u00fdch na dne h\u013abku vody zn\u00ed\u017ei, \u010do podporuje vznik dunovej morfol\u00f3gie dna. Preplachovanie umel\u00fdch jazier s vysokou koncentr\u00e1ciou jemn\u00fdch sedimentov m\u00f4\u017ee zapr\u00ed\u010dini\u0165 zanesenie a v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 ukladanie sedimentov ni\u017e\u0161ie na toku. Prostredn\u00edctvom jemn\u00fdch sedimentov m\u00f4\u017ee v mnoh\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch tie\u017e d\u00f4js\u0165 ku kontamin\u00e1cii lu\u017en\u00fdch lesov a to najm\u00e4 \u0165a\u017ek\u00fdmi kovmi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p># vodn\u00e9 prostredie<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Na vodn\u00e9 prostredie a dynamiku sedimentov m\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vplyv \u013eudsk\u00e1 \u010dinnos\u0165. Priamym z\u00e1sahom \u010dloveka je najm\u00e4 \u0165a\u017eba \u0161trkov a pieskov, \u010di u\u017e za \u00fa\u010delom z\u00edskavania stavebn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov alebo za \u00fa\u010delom prehlbovania koryta z d\u00f4vodu protipovod\u0148ovej ochrany.\u00a0 Na\u0161e vodn\u00e9 toky boli vo v\u00fdznamnej miere upraven\u00e9, regulovan\u00e9 a z\u00fa\u017een\u00e9 z d\u00f4vodov ochrany n\u00ed\u017ein pred zaplaven\u00edm. Umel\u00e9 jazer\u00e1<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":10031,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[178,117],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/progroupe.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10030"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/progroupe.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/progroupe.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/progroupe.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/progroupe.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10030"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/progroupe.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10030\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10036,"href":"https:\/\/progroupe.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10030\/revisions\/10036"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/progroupe.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10031"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/progroupe.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10030"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/progroupe.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10030"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/progroupe.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10030"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}