{"id":9994,"date":"2022-08-23T08:28:35","date_gmt":"2022-08-23T06:28:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/progroupe.net\/?p=9994"},"modified":"2022-09-06T08:27:58","modified_gmt":"2022-09-06T06:27:58","slug":"prirodzene-vodne-prostredie-sedimenty-v-hydrografickom-systeme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/progroupe.net\/sk\/prirodzene-vodne-prostredie-sedimenty-v-hydrografickom-systeme\/","title":{"rendered":"Prirodzen\u00e9 vodn\u00e9 prostredie: Sedimenty v hydrografickom syst\u00e9me I."},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sedimenty definujeme ako pevn\u00e9 miner\u00e1lne materi\u00e1ly ako \u0161trk, piesok a tie\u017e ako \u010dastice biologick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu &#8211; zvy\u0161ky opadan\u00e9ho l\u00edstia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dynamika sedimentov pozost\u00e1va z troch procesov: t<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">vorba, resp. vstup sedimentov do prostredia, presun a ukladanie sedimentov.<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sedimenty vstupuj\u00fa do vodn\u00e9ho prostredia naj\u010dastej\u0161ie v\u010faka er\u00f3zii. Pevn\u00e9 \u010dastice s\u00fa n\u00e1sledne splaven\u00e9 po pr\u00fade rieky. Pod\u013ea typu presunu vieme sedimenty rozl\u00ed\u0161i\u0165 na dve kateg\u00f3rie. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prvou s\u00fa jemnozrnn\u00e9 sedimenty ako piesky ,\u00edl a hlina. Tu hovor\u00edme o priemere \u010dast\u00edc men\u0161om ne\u017e 2 mm. Druhou kateg\u00f3riou s\u00fa sedimenty v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej frakcie, ako \u0161trky a kamene,\u00a0 ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa pren\u00e1\u0161an\u00e9 po dne rie\u010dneho koryta pr\u00fadom vody.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V d\u00f4sledku abr\u00e1zie sa pozd\u013a\u017e vodn\u00e9ho toku v smere od prame\u0148a k delte zrnitos\u0165 sedimentov v\u00fdrazne zmen\u0161uje. Tvorba, presun a ukladanie sedimentov s\u00fa ovplyvnen\u00e9 geomorfologick\u00fdmi, meteorologick\u00fdmi, hydrologick\u00fdmi a ekologick\u00fdmi faktormi. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Geologick\u00e1 skladba povodia (druh pr\u00edtomnej horniny) vpl\u00fdva na presun, tvar, tvrdos\u0165, zrnitos\u0165 aj chemick\u00e9 zlo\u017eenie sedimentu.\u00a0 V\u00fdznamn\u00fa \u00falohu zohr\u00e1va aj topografia, najm\u00e4 tvar a sklon toku. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed sklon sa rovn\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed presun sedimentov. Pr\u00edsun sedimentov do vodn\u00e9ho prostredia vo vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch poloh\u00e1ch zapr\u00ed\u010di\u0148uje er\u00f3zia dna koryta, zosuvy a zlomy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed pr\u00edsun sedimentov s\u00favis\u00ed s intenz\u00edvnym da\u017e\u010fom, ktor\u00fd nasycuje p\u00f4du a zni\u017euje jej s\u00fadr\u017enos\u0165. Vsakovanie a pomer medzi \u00fahrnom zr\u00e1\u017eok a odtokom s\u00fa ovplyvnen\u00e9 viacer\u00fdmi faktormi. Okrem nas\u00fdtenia p\u00f4dy vodou, je v\u00fdznamn\u00fd p\u00f4dny typ a kore\u0148ov\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Korene veget\u00e1cie udr\u017euj\u00fa p\u00f4du priepustnou, \u010d\u00edm zabezpe\u010duj\u00fa r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie vsakovanie da\u017e\u010fa. Odtok, sklon a \u0161trukt\u00fara al\u00favia s\u00fa k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 pri procese rozru\u0161ovan\u00ed dna, h\u013abky vodn\u00e9ho st\u013apca a r\u00fdchlosti odtoku. Presun sedimentov sa men\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti od ro\u010dn\u00e9ho obdobia pod\u013ea zr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00fdch a odtokov\u00fdch pomerov dan\u00e9ho povodia.<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vznik a presun\u00a0 sedimentov za\u010d\u00edna zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161a<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> n\u00e1hle, napr\u00edklad po\u010das pr\u00edvalov\u00e9ho da\u017e\u010fa.\u00a0 Prenesen\u00e9 sedimenty zostan\u00fa na novom mieste po r\u00f4zne dlh\u00fa dobu vo forme ostrov\u010dekov. Pr\u00edsun sedimentov vytv\u00e1ra nov\u00fd alebo ni\u010d\u00ed doteraj\u0161\u00ed biotop v rieke a jej okol\u00ed. Medzi povrchovou vodou a podzemnou vodou prebieha vertik\u00e1lna v\u00fdmena vody, ktor\u00e1 m\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vplyv\u00a0 na teplotu vody. Oblasti s prame\u0148mi podzemnej vody s\u00fa vo v\u0161eobecnosti v lete chladnej\u0161ie a v zime teplej\u0161ie v porovnan\u00ed s ostatnou vodou v ich okol\u00ed. Vertik\u00e1lne prepojenie z\u00e1vis\u00ed od zlo\u017eenia, zrnitosti a hr\u00fabky dna. V pr\u00edpade v\u00fdskytu v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ieho mno\u017estva jemn\u00e9ho sedimentu je toto prepojenie obmedzen\u00e9 v d\u00f4sledku upchatia p\u00f3rov dna a vznik\u00e1 tak kolmat\u00e1cia.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sedimenty definujeme ako pevn\u00e9 miner\u00e1lne materi\u00e1ly ako \u0161trk, piesok a tie\u017e ako \u010dastice biologick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu &#8211; zvy\u0161ky opadan\u00e9ho l\u00edstia. Dynamika sedimentov pozost\u00e1va z troch procesov: tvorba, resp. vstup sedimentov do prostredia, presun a ukladanie sedimentov. Sedimenty vstupuj\u00fa do vodn\u00e9ho prostredia naj\u010dastej\u0161ie v\u010faka er\u00f3zii. Pevn\u00e9 \u010dastice s\u00fa n\u00e1sledne splaven\u00e9 po pr\u00fade rieky. Pod\u013ea typu presunu vieme<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":9995,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[178,117],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/progroupe.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9994"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/progroupe.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/progroupe.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/progroupe.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/progroupe.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9994"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/progroupe.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9994\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10028,"href":"https:\/\/progroupe.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9994\/revisions\/10028"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/progroupe.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9995"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/progroupe.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9994"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/progroupe.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9994"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/progroupe.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9994"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}